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ENCICLOPEDIA
MULTIMEDIALE DELLE SCIENZE FILOSOFICHE
UN'OPERA DELLA RAI RADIOTELEVISIONE ITALIANA
under the patronage
of the Presidente of the Republic of Italy
of UNESCO
of the Secretary General Of the Council of Europe
editorial coordination
ISTITUTO DELLA ENCICLOPEDIA ITALIANA
with the cooperation
of
ISTITUTO POLIGRAFICO E ZECCA DELLO STATO
editorial board
VIVARIUM
original project
coordination, executive managment
Renato Parascandolo
scientific committee
Remo Bodei, Vincenzo Cappelletti, Massimo Fichera,
Francesco Gabrieli, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Antonio Gargano,
Vittorio Hösle, Gerardo Marotta, Vittorio Mathieu, Karl R. Popper,
Ilya Prigogine, Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Paul Ricoeur,
Federico Scianò, Pietro Vecchione, Roberto Zaccaria

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Presentation
In order to promote the
knowledge of philosophy as it developed through the ages and as it relates
to the phenomena of present day life and culture, the RAI Radiotelevisioue
Italiana, in collaboration with the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi
Filosofici and the Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, has
embarked upon a project using the new forms of expression and
communication made available by technology.
With attention always focused on current problems, the Multi-Media
Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences stands out as an element
of reflection and critical awareness amidst the host of factors
encountered by men and women as their process of personal development
unfolds in today's world. This process is essential for the new
generations and its core is the quest for the profound bonds between the
culture of humanism and that of science, between result oriented behaviour
and values.
The Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences is
an original project, the result of collaboration between RAI Radiotelevisione
Italiana and the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi filosofici which
is providing the necessary scholarly expertise and is acting as the
project coordinator. The contributors include the foremost philosophers,
historians, scientists and scholars of our time.
For the first time in the history of Italian culture the need for a
far-reaching and analytical circulation of knowledge has achieved
tangible expression in the fruitful encounter between the primary Italian
agency for information and communications and one of the most prestigious
Italian cultural institutions which for more than a decade has been a
touchstone for philosophical studies as well as international
intellectual and scholarly discussion.
Under the Special Patronage of the President of the Republic of
Italy, of UNESCO and of the Secretary General of the Council of
Europe, the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences
has been planned for the very outset for "international use",
i.e. ready in versions in all major languages.
Renato Parascandolo

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The
structure of the Opus
This
Opus has been structured in a multi-media fashion and produced in
differing versions, each corresponding to the specific characteristics of
the relative diffusion media (e.g. TV, radio, videotapes, floppy disks,
cd-rom, books). This inter-media synergism opens the way to new modalities
of knowledge acquisition. If people had made full use of the early
potential in movie technology fifty years ago and visually recorded
lectures by Einstein, Freud, Husserl, Heidegger, Croce and Wittgenstein,
they would have rendered a priceless service for future generations.
However, perhaps the time was not ripe back then. Today it is possible to
preserve the teaching of the great living masters for future listening and
learning. In addition, the multi-media nature of communication and the
wealth of available means of expression nowadays ensure active end-user
involvement.
Together with textbooks and anthologies of the works of philosophy,
precious tools are now available to anyone wishing to study philosophy.
Their range begins with the videotapes of lectures delivered by renowned
scholars from all over the world, and goes all the way to a computer based
interactive version of the Opus with the complete and multilingual texts
of the original lectures, a computerized dictionary of philosophy, an
analytical concept index for guided visits into the history of thought,
and a iconographical file of portraits and places where such thought
blossomed; and all of this in one and the same multimedia unit. In
addition there are the programmes for radio and TV (air wave, satellite,
cable broadcasting)
In order to set the indispensable bases that render the Opus as
complete as possible, an international committee of experts drew up a
topic map which is divided into two parts: the History of philosophy and
the Problems of philosophy.
This map serves as a guide to the contents and the transversal
itineraries.
The constituent units of the Opus (one thousand upon completion) are the
lectures-interviews with eminent international scholars. The
lecture-interview format with the interviewer off stage but in line with
the camera creates an immediate visual relationship between the individual
viewer. In this way the philosopher become the true protagonist of the
Opus.
The Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences was begun
in 1988.

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Products
THE
ROOTS OF
EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY
This
series consists of sets of complete works on major philosophical issues
from the origins to modem times. By highlighting the historical element,
its purpose is to focus on the contents specific to philosophy most likely
to help people reflect, reason, and know. An effort has been made to be
clear and not merely vernacular in presenting the nodes of knowledge, the
focal points of human reflection through the direct mediation of renowned
international scholars.
The series consists of 60 videotapes with an equal number of
monographic volumes prepared by the Italian Encyclopaedia Institute. The
series is marketed in complete sets of 10 videotapes and the respective
books.
Each videotape lasts approximately one hour and includes the
interview-lectures by numerous specialists, excerpts from works of
philosophy read by actors, iconographic material, documentary footage, and
computer graphics. Entrusted to the care of top level world experts, the
200 page books with appropriate illustrations are published by the Italian
State Printing Company.

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GREEK
PHILOSOPHY FROM THE PRESOCRATICS TO ARISTOTELE: VII-IV BC
Videotapes
The Birth of Philosophy
H. G. GADAMER, V. HÖSLE, M. RIEDEL
H. G. GADAMER, V. HÖSLE, M. RIEDEL
Pythagoras
W. BURKERT, M.
DETIENNE, G. PUGLIESE CARRATELLI W. BURKERT, M. DETIENNE, G. PUGLIESE
CARRATELLI
Parmenides
H. G. GADAMER, V. HÖSLE,
G. PUGLIESE CARRATELI, E. SEVERINO H. G. GADAMER, V. HÖSLE, G. PUGLIESE
CARRATELI, E. SEVERINO
Heraclitus
R. BODEI, M.
DETIENNE, H. G. GADAMER R. BODEI, M. DETIENNE, H. G. GADAMER
The Sophists
F. ADORNO, H. G. GADAMER,
V. HÖSLE, M. VEGETTI F. ADORNO, H. G. GADAMER, V. HÖSLE, M. VEGETTI
Socrates
G. GIANNANTONI, O.
GIGON G. GIANNANTONI, O. GIGON
Plato: On Theory
E. BERTI, T. SZLEZÀK
E. BERTI, T. SZLEZÀK
Plato: On Politics
H. G. GADAMER, C. JERMANN,
M. ISNARDI PARENTE H. G. GADAMER, C. JERMANN, M. ISNARDI PARENTE
Aristot1e: On Ethics
P. AUBENQUE, P. RICOEUR P.
AUBENQUE, P. RICOEUR
Aristotle: On Metaphysics
G. GIANNANTONI, W.
KULLMANN, E. LLEDÓ G. GIANNANTONI, W. KULLMANN, E. LLEDÓ

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Books
Giovanni PUGLIESE CARRATELLI
The Birth of Philosophy
Charles H. KHAN
Pythagoras
Luigi RUGGIU
Parmenides
Vittorio MATHIEU
Heraclitus
Francesco ADORNO
The Sophists
Gabriele GIANNANTONI
Socrates
Enrico BERTI
Plato: On Theory
Thomas A. SZLEZÀK
Plato: On Politics
Pierre AUBENQUE
Aristot1e: On Ethics
Giovanni REALE
Aristotle: In Metaphysics

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PHILOSOPHY
AND CURRENT AFFAIRS
The
purpose of this series is to foster the concrete and suggestive
circulation of timely and problematic issues in order to generate
reflection on some of the pivotal issues of life such as justice, ethics,
values, history, science, etc.
Each videotape lasts for approximately thirty minutes and includes
an interview-lecture by only one scholar interspaced with music,
documentary footage, images, and excerpts from movie masterpieces. To
accompany each videotape the Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, has
prepared an introductory booklet.
Videotapes
Francesco ADORNO
Key Words of Greek Philosophy
Louis ALTHUSSER
A Desperate Philosopher
Karl Otto APEL
The Ethics of Communications
Gunther BIEN
Ethics and the Individual
Jean BERNARD
Ethics and Science
Norberto BOBBIO
The Meaning of Democracy
Remo BODEI
The Idea of Progress
Fernand BRADUEL
The Sense of History
Vincenzo CAPPELLETTI
Greek Medicine
Ralf DAHRENDORF
The Future of Democracy
Antoine DANCHIN
The Models of Knowledge
Paul DAVIES
Cosmo1ogy and Philosophy
Louis DUPRÉ
Ethics and Social Structures
Dietrich VON ENGELHARDT
The Cultural History of Pain
Hans Georg GADAMER
Universal Values
Hans Georg GADAMER
Europe and the Task of the Individual
Eugenio GARIN
Erasmus and Warfare
D. Carleton GAYDUSEK
Existence and Immunology
Ernest GOMBRICH
Art and Perception
Nelson GOODMAN
Art and the Construction of the World
Brian GOODWIN
The Forms of Living Reality
Ernesto GRASSI
German Philosophy during Nazism
Mirko GRMEK
Death
Mirko GRMEK
Disease

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Carl Gustav HEMPEL
The Vienna Circle
Vittorio HÖSLE
From Animal to Human Intelligence
Vittorio HULIN
The Transmigration of Souls
Hans JONAS
The Ethics of Responsability
Vittorio MATHIEU
The Philosophy of Money
Rita LEVI MONTALCINI
Developments in Neurophysiology
Emilio LLEDÓ
Key Words of Greek Philosophy
Niklas LUHMANN
The Complexities of Social Reality
Edgar MORIN
Rationality and Complexity
Roger PENROSE
The Exp1oration of the Cosmos
Adriaan PEPERZAK
Ethics and Politics
Karl POPPER
Fa1sificationism
Karl POPPER
The Theory of the Three Worlds
Ilya PRIGOGINE
Time and Entropy
Martin REES
The Origins of the Universe
Tullio REGGE
The Theory of Relativity
Paul RICOEUR
Current Problems in Ethics
Jacques ROGER
Evolutionism and Genetics
Dennis W. SCIAMA
The Developments of Cosmology
Giorgio SPINI
Modernity and History
Tzvetan TODOROV
The Conquest of America
Michel VOVELLE
The Ideas of the French Revolution
Georg H. VON WRIGHT
Logical Neopositivism
John A. WHEELER
Memories of Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein
John A. WHEELER
The Life of Man and the Cosmos

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THE
MASTERS OF THOUGHT
The
series focuses on itineraries bound to today's masters who combine
philosophical acumen with prime quality methodologies, and who transmit
the bases considered indispensable for the building up of current
knowledge. Outstanding philosophers, scientists, historians of thought,
and historians of science have been invited to expound both knowledge and
theories. The result is a series that offers contents and themes in a
style of in-depth treatment able to pass on the essential elements in each
master's thought.
A set of three to ten videotapes lasting one hour apiece is planned
for each author, along with original iconography obtained exclusively
through the processing and creation of electronic imagery. The purpose
behind that is to couple the knowledge dating back thousands of years with
the most advanced forms of technology and expression.
Videotapes
Karl Raimund POPPER
Observations on the Theories of Sciences
after Keplero and Newton
The Critique of Falsificationism and the
Defenders of Inductivism
The Theory of the Three Worlds and the
Problem of the Body-Mind Relationship
The future is Open-ended: Indeterminism
and the Problem of Evolution
The Theory of Propensity and of
Probability
Hans Georg GADAMER
Modern Philosophy and Science
Kant: The Conciliator of Metaphysics and
Science
Fichte and the Beginning of the New
Century
Romanticism as Philosophy
German Philosophy from Enlightenment to
Romanticism
The Young Hegel
Hegel and the Phenomenology of the Spirit
Hegel and Dialectics
The Logic of Hegel and his System
Hegel: Historicity of the Spirit
Hegel in the l9th Century and in our Age
Paul RICOEUR
The Adventures of the Subject
The Exalted Subject
The Humiliated Subject
The Structures of Human Action
Explaining More to Understand Better
Describe, Narrate, Prescribe

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THE
ORIGINS OF THOUGHT IN THE WORLD
This
series deals with the moment thought germinates, the moment when what
emerge from the mind of man are the most original and the sharpest
speculations about the universe, created reality, being etc. when
categories assume form, and systems and reflections likely to experience
broader sweeping developments come to the surface.
This series ranges from the ancient civilizations India, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, China, all the way to the most recent civilizations of the
world, without overlooking the archaic cultures and anthropology, and also
focusing its attention on the core turning points of western thought.
Each one hour videotape contains interview-lectures delivered by
one or more specialists, texts, documentary footage, iconographic material
and music, computer graphics.
Videotapes
INDIAN
THOUGHT
Vedica Speculation
Charles MALAMOUD
Charles MALAMOUD
Speculations on Language
Charles MALAMOUD,
André PADOUX Charles MALAMOUD, André PADOUX
Philosophical Systems: Mimansa and
Vedanta
Samkhya and Yoga, Nyaya and Vaisesika
Michel HULIN
Buddhism and Buddhist Logic
Guy BUGAULT
Sankara and the Vedanta
Michel HULIN

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THE
UNIVERSE OF KNOWLEDGE
This
open-ended and constantly growing series is designed to provide an
educated but mostly student audience with interviews and lectures
delivered by the most outstanding philosophers, scientists, and scholars
representing all disciplines. The wealth of the themes tackled, the
differing orientations, and the quantity of materials presented make this
series the raw material for the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the
Philosophical Sciences.
The fact of presenting the lectures and the interviews in the
original languages as well as in three other languages highlights not only
the eminently national character of this work, but also one of its basic
premises: the circulation of knowledge transcending frontiers, schools of
thought, and institutions. Each one hour videotape is dedicated entirely
to the relative interview or lecture alone in order to foster the utmost
degree of receptivity and learning.
Francesco ADORNO
Greek Sophism
Greek Philosophy by Concepts
Plato
Louis ALTHUSSER
The Crisis of Marxism
Karl Otto APEL
The Problem of the Ultimate Foundation
Formal Ethics and the Ethics of the Contents
Wittgenstein and Heidegger
Rosario ASSUNTO
The Theory of Art in the Middle Ages
The Esthetics of the Renaissance and of Romanticism
Pierre AUBENQUE
Aristotle's Ethics
Etienne BALIBAR
Spinoza and Politics
Françoise BALIBAR
Einstein Through his Writings

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Antonio BARGELLESI
Selfhood in Biology
Jonathan BARNES
Greek Skepticism
Sheila BENHABIB
On Critical Theory
Jean BERNARD
Ethics and Biology
Enrico BERTI
Plato and The Theory of ideas
Guy BESSE
Rousseau and Politics
William J. BEVERIDGE
The History of the Universe
Gunther BIEN
Ethical Behaviour
Aristotle: Ethics and Politics
Giuseppe BILLANOVICH
Humanism and Philology
Baruch BLUMBERG
Method in Biology
Norberto BOBBIO
The Meaning of Democracy
Human Rights Today
Remo BODEI
The Idea of Progress
The Philosophy of Life: Dilthey and Simmel
Heraclitus and Empedocles
Pierre BOURDIEU
Philosophy and Social Sciences
Symbolic Violence
Reinhard BRANDT
Kant
Schopenhauer
Fernando BRAUDEL
The Meaning of history
Jerome BRUNER
Contemporary Psychology
Guy BUGAULT
Greek Logic and Buddhist Logic
Aristotle and Nagarjuna
Manfred BUHR
Kant and Practical Philosophy
Fichte and Politics
Walter BURKERT
Pythagorical Science
Massimo CACCIARI
Nicholas of Cusa
Free Will
Gaetano CALABRÒ
The Profile of Descartes
Vincenzo CAPPELLETTI
The Birth of Psychoanalysis
Franco CELADA
Biology and Immunology
Umberto CERRONI
Liberalism, Democracy, Socialism

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Claudio CESA
Fichte's System
Franco CHIEREGHIN
Anthropology and Ethics
Noam CHOMSKY
The Birth of Contemporary Theoretical Linguistics
Bernard COHEN
Newton and the Scientific Revolution
Lucio COLLETTI
Kant: The Critique of Pure Reason
The Idea of Sensation:
The Theory-Observation Relationship
Pietro CORSI
At the Origin of Evolution: from Lamarck to Darwin
Lambros COULOUBARITSIS
Plotinus
Girolamo COTRONEO
Croce: Ethics and Politics
Umberto CURI
Philosophy and Warfare
Ralf DAHRENDORF
Democracy and Totalitarianism
Antoine DANCHIN
Biology and Knowledge
Paul DAVIES
Philosophy and Cosmology
Allen DEBUS
Paracelsus
Jacques DERRIDA
The Ethics of Discussion
Bernard D'ESPAGNAT
Physics and Objectivity
The Theory of Quantums
Marcel DETIENNE
Pythagoreanism
Heraclitus
Jacques D'HONDT
Diderot and the Encyclopedia
Hegel and Politics
Louis DUPRÉ
Ethics and Social Structures
Klaus DÜSING
Exponents of Classical German Philosophy
Hegel: Art, Religion, Philosophy
Umberto ECO
The Functions of Language: Expression, Representation,
Communication Meaning, Intention, Reference
Gerard EDELMAN
The Frontiers of Neuroscience
Paul FEYERABEND
The Dangers of Abstraction
Irving FETSCHER
Rousseau: Revolutionary and Conservative
Marx and His Heirs
Hans Friedrich FULDA
Hegel
Francesco GABRIELI
The Koran and Arab Thought
Mysticism and Iranic Poetry

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Hans G. GADAMER
Hermeneutics
Heraclitus
Greek Notebook (I)
Greek Notebook (II)
Intellectual Biography
Eugenio GARIN
Ficino and Pico della Mirandola
Erasmus and Italy
Erasmus and Warfare
D. Carleton GAYDUSEK
The Development of Immunology
Clifford GEERTZ
The Interpretation of Cultures
Theodore GERAETS
Hegel's Logic
Phenomenology and Existentialism: Husserl, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty
Ludovico GEYMONAT
Science and Reality
Sossio GIAMETTA
Nietzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Gabriele GIANNANTONI
The Metaphysics of Parmenides and Aristotle
Socrates
Aristotle's Logic
Olof GIGON
The Birth of Greek Philosophy
Socrates
Sergio GIVONE
The Estethics of Romanticism
Maurice GODELIER
Marx
Ernst GOMBRICH
Art and Visual Illusion
The History of Caricature
Nelson GOODMAN
Art and The Construction of the World
Brian GOODWIN
The Forms of Living Reality
Woldemar GÖRLER
Cicero and Early Scepticism
Stephen J. GOULD
Theories of Evolution
Ernesto GRASSI
Vico
The Philosophy of the World in German Romanticism
Tullio GREGORY
Descartes
Mirko GRMEK
Greek Medicine
Death
The History of Disease
Adolph GRÜNBAUM
The Act of Creation in
Cosmology

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Amy GUTMAN
The Future of Liberalism
Henry S. HARRIS
Hume's thought
Hegel: The Phenomenology of The Spirit
Gentile
Jean HEIDMANN
The Anthropic Principle in Cosmology
Carl G. HEMPEL
The Meaning of The Concept of Truth
The Vienna Circle
Dieter HENRICH
Descartes' Philosophy
Kant
Hegel
Gerard HOLTON
The Components of Scientific Imagination
Bohr, Einstein, Fermi
Hans Heinz HOLZ
Leibniz: the System
Vittorio HÖSLE
The Birth of Philosophy
Parmenides
The Sophists
The Thought of Kant
The Thought of Hegel
Michel HULIN
The Doctrine of Act in Indian Thought
Claude IMBERT
The History of Logic
Alfonso INGEGNO
Bruno and his Century
Guendaline JARCZYK
The System of Hegel
Cristoph JERMANN
Plato: On Politics
Andreas KAMP
Aristotle's Metaphysics
George KATEB
The American Democracy
Hermann KRINGS
Schelling
Oskar KRISTELLER
Humanism
Wolfgang KULLMANN
Aristotle: Nature and
the Soul
Aristotle's Politics
Pierre Jean LABARRIÈRE
Hegel's System
Reinhardt LAUTH
Fichte
Eugenio LECALDANO
The Foundations of
Death

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Emilio LLEDÓ
Key Words of Greek Philosophy
Domenico LOSURDO
Happiness as a
Political Right
Totalitarianism
Niklas LUHMANN
Social Complexity
Peter MACHMER
The Scientific
Revolution
Charles MALAMOUD
Truth and
Falsehood in Indian Speculations
Jean Claude MARGOLIN
Erasmus and Christian
Humanism
Aldo MASULLO
Husserl
Time as "Pathic"
Ernst Mayr
Darwin and After Darwin
Vittorio MATHIEU
The Timelines of the Late
Kant
Goethe and Italy
Bergson
Claude MAZAURIC
The Ideological Aspects of
the French Revolution
Erman Mc MULLIN
The Scientific Revolution
Edgard MORIN
Rationality and
Complexity
Stephens S. MORSE
The Evolution of
Virus. The New Diseases
Evanghelos MOUTSOUPOULOS
Proclo
Robert NOZICK
The Rational Decision
Rational Thought
André PADOUX
Word, Sound and Body
in Italian Speculations
Luigi PAREYSON
The Philosophy of Liberty
David PEARS
Wittgeinstein
Roger PENROSE
The Exploration of
the Cosmos
Adriaan PEPERZAK
Ethics and Politics
Augustine and Thomas Aquinas
Hegel: the Philosophy of Law
Michael J. PETRY
Newton
Alex PHILONENKO
Fichte: The Theory of
Science and of Politics
Rousseau and Politics
Alessandro PIZZORNO
Sociology and Sociologies
Guy PLANTY-BONJOUR
Hegel and the
Principle of Non-contradiction
Russian Hegelianism
Otto PÖGGELER
Kant: The Critique of
Judgement
Hegel: The Phenomenology of the Spirit
Hölderlin
Karl POPPER
The Future is Open-ended:
Indeterminism and the Problem of Evolution
Social Philosophy and Politics
The Vienna Circle

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Ilya PRIGOGINE
Time and Entropy
Giovanni PUGLIESE CARRATELLI
Parmenides: The History of Velia
Hilary PUTNAM
Does Philosophy have
a Future?
William James
Willard QUINE
Reification
Roman H. RAINERO
Colonianism
Martin REES
The Origins of the Universe
Tullio REGGE
Einstein
Paul RICOEUR
The Idea of Justice
The Ethics of Aristotle
Descartes' Philosophy
Manfred RIEDEL
The Presocratics
Armando RIGOBELLO
The Foundation of Morals:
Authenticity and Difference
The Ethics of Values: Personalism after Scheler
Jacques ROGER
Evolutionism and
Genetics
The Organisation of Living Reality
Richard RORTY
American Pragmatism
Transcendental Pragmatism
Pietro ROSSI
Contempory Historicism
The Idea of Civilization and the
Concept of Culture
Claudio RUGAFIORI
The Gift Theory
Luigi RUGGIU
Aristotle: Economics,
Slavery, Labour
Alan RYAN
John Stuart Mill
Oliver SACKS
Neurology and
Neuroscience
Abdus SALAM
Islam and Science:
Harmony of Conflict
Giorgio SALVINI
Museums, Academies, Laboratories
The Lincei Academy
Between Humanism and the Natural Sciences
Pasquale SALVUCCI
The Work of Fichte

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Hans Jorg SANDKÜHLER
Schelling
Gennaro SASSO
Politics and Ethics
Wolfgang SCHLUCHTER
Weber's Sociology
Arbogast SCHMITT
The Theory of the
Sciences in Antiquity and in the Middle Ages
Dennis W. SCIAMA
The Developments of
Cosmology
John R. SEARLE
Internationality
David SEDLEY
Stoicism
Epicureanism
Lucien SEVE
Marx
Emanuele SEVERINO
Parmenides
William SHEA
The Scientific Revolution
Quentin SKINNER
Hobbes
The Problem of Negative
Liberty
Giorgio SPINI
Enlightenment and the French
Revolution
André STOLL
Las Casas
Thomas SZLEZAK
Plato: The Doctrine
of the Ideas
Plato: The Dialogues
Jacques TAMINIAUX
Husserl's Thought
Nicolae TERTULIAN
Heidegger and Nazism
Jacques TEXIER
Gramsci and Civil Society
Paul THIEME
Indian Religions and
Philosophies
René THOM
The Theory of
Catastrophes
The Role of the Mathematical Entities
Tzvetan TODOROV
Las Casas and the Conquest
of America
André TOSEL
Spinoza
Imre TOTH
The Eleatic Drama of Being
and Non-being: The Paradoxes of Zeno
The Non-euclidean Revolution: a Political Revolution
Giuseppe VACCA
Gramsci
Francesco VALENTINI
The Relevance of Hegel
The Meaning of Politics
Cesare VASOLI
Ficino
Gianni VAT'I'IMO
Philosophy and The Critique
of Technology
Salvatore VECA
The Problems of Democracy
Ethics and Politics
Mario VEGETTI
Ethics in Ancient Philosophy
Plato: On Politics
Valerio VERRA
Nihilism and History
Paul VIGNAUX
Medieval Philosophy
Maurizio VIROLI
Politics as Civil Philosophy
Michel VOVELLE
The Idea of the French
Revolution
Dietrich von ENGELHARDT
The Ethics of
Medicine
The Patient and Illness in the Course of Time
Medicine and Literature
Michael WALZER
Just Wars and Unjust
Wars
Interpretation and Social Criticism
Georg Henrich von WRIGHT
Logical Neopositivism
Jan SPERNA WEILAND
The Origins of
Philosophical Anthropology
Scheler
Karl Jaspers: the Contours of A Philosophical Faith
Richard WESTFALL
Newton
John Archibald WHEELER
Autobiography of a Scientist

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RAI
EDUCATIONAL
This DSE - Department for School and Education (the original name
of RAI Educational) was established in 1975 and entered a new phase
in 1990. In addition to its statutory task as the RAI sector
specialized in the production of culturally meaningful radio and TV
programmes geared to diffuse a blend of scientific and humanistic culture
among the general public - for didactic purposes as well -, we now see the
emergence of new endeavours in keeping with the intersecting nature of the
new technologies of communication.
RAI Educational's programme approach seeks to ensure that
culture and information converge. This is a delicate operation and must be
conducted by paying utmost attention to the fine tuned features of both
information and culture: if news is to generate culture it cannot be
burned or lead to partial views; if culture is to become news it must
adjust its own means to TV as a media of communication. Therefore, what
task has RAI Educational set for itself? To assume daily life as
the foundation for its cultural and information activities. Establish a
new three basic mainstreams - school, labour, culture - and strive to
reach a public seeking knowledge. This audience will grow if nourished
with stimulating programmes and opportunities for delving into things in
order to learn how to reflect and to think. The MultiMedia
Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences is the answer. It
is an avant-garde work for the RAI Educational which, with its
programmes and multi-media operations, seeks to promote the encounter of
all expressions of universal knowledge, in the sense of the total number
of disciplines and the international background of renowned authorities on
the subjects.
The objectives RAI Educational has set may seem overly
ambitious. However, only through a marked enhancement of cultural
information will RAI Educational be able to discharge its specific
duty to people who can only grow in spirit if they wish to be better
prepared and better motivated in life.
RAI
EDUCATIONAL - SATELLITE
A feature of the
so-called "direct broadcast" satellites is their ability to
guarantee an area for reception for TV programmes and therefore an
international audience.
This is the point of reference for RAI Educational-Satellite;
the experimental channel of RAI which began broadcasting in 1990 (with the
name of RAISAT).
Its programmes cover a very large portion of Europe: from
Scandinavia to Tunisia, from France to Eastern Europe.
The programmes are varied in nature, going from entertainment to
education and information, and make use of another feature inherent in
satellite transmission: multilingual broadcasts (via teletext or via
multi-sound channels). Within the RAI Educational - Satellite
programme mix the "educational" sector plays an important role
and is fundamentally geared to very specific and even quite limited target
audiences.
The experimentation underway includes co-operation with important
international agencies such as EUROPACE, EUROSTEP, and NTU (National
Technology University) in the United States, and is essentially based on
experiments with new possibilities for remote vocational training and
upskilling.
This is intended to respond first and foremost to the growing
requirements for industries and universities in pursuing the aims set
forth in major community programmes such as DELTA, ESPRIT, etc.
Quite evident, therefore, are the points of convergence between RAI
Educational - Satellite and the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the
Philosophical Sciences: build up a true European cultural patrimony;
upgrade the level of studies and the standard of teaching by offering
intellectual, cultural, and educational input in the basic disciplines;
create an all-embracing TV service where truly interwined are a planetary
vision and the daily life of each citizen.

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ISTITUTO
ITALIANO PER GLI STUDI FILOSOFICI
The presentation of
philosophical concepts and questions through the modem mass media entails
creative contact with a process for the transmission of ideas where both
the contents and the means have an impact and exercise their influence
upon the viewer in real time. While not the only challenge of our times,
let alone the most important, it is a most significant one. And if, as
Hegel asserts, philosophy is "our time learned through thought",
then philosophy needs to come to terms with the new reality of
communications.
Actual work on the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the
Philosophical Sciences, in close collaboration with the RAI
Radiotelevtsione Italiana and the Istituto della Enciclopedia
Italiana, will involve the commitment of philosophers and men of
science from all over the world, specialists in the history of philosophy
and scientific thought. They will be able to call upon young and qualified
scholars, experts in various fields and media consultants in this
multilevel project whose declared purpose is to provide users, whether
conversant with philosophy or not, with a reference work as well as a
basis for reflection and analysis. Younger people, both those invited to
invest their skills in the project and those who will use the final result
as a daily tool of knowledge, will gain up-to-date and comprehensive
information from the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical
Sciences. In addition, they will be provided with an opportunity to
penetrate, in a new and original way, into the historical development of
ideas, in full awareness that this is none other than the quest for
answers and solutions to the world's contradictions - the way to ensure
freedom for mankind.

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Credits
The following poeple have been or are
still involved in the production of the Multi-Media Encyclopaedia of the
Philosophical Sciences
Original project coordination,
executive managment
Renato Parascandolo
Editors
Maria Teresa de Vito, Giancarlo Burghi.
Responsibles
Silvia Calandrelli, Giampiero Foglino, Raffaele Siniscalchi.
Consultants
Dario Antiseri, Remo Bodei, Giuliana Calcani, Cosima Campagnolo, Massimo
Capaccioli, Pietro Corsi, Umberto Curi, Giulio De Petra, Mariannina Failla,
Francesco Fanelli, Bernardino Fantini, Sandro Fiorelli, Ennio Galzenati,
Franca Garzotto, Vladimiro Giacchè, Mimmo Iodice, Cristoph Jerman,
Morinda Li Vigni, Domenico Losurdo, Aldo Masullo, David Miller, Teodosio
Orlando, Giuseppe Orsi, Paolo Paolini, Claudio Rugafiori, Lea Ritter
Santini, Lucio Saviani, Massimo Stanzione, Imre Toth, Francesco Valentini,
Maurizio Viroli.
Directors
Pino Adriano, Gianni Barcelloni Corte, Maurizio Cascavilla, Maria Teresa
de Vito, Marco Duichin, Pasquale Misuraca, Carla Serena Monghini, Roberto
Perpignard, Fabio Vannini.
Assistants
Ghigo Alberani, Francesco Ascione, Vincenzo
Bitti, Luigi Bizzarri, Francesco Censon, Paolo Conte, Mario Chiari,
Rossella Corsi, Gloria Eminente, Myriam Fiorellino, Olivella Foresta,
Annalisa Forgione, Adele Franchi, Barbara Giuliani, Chiara Grigoletto,
Fabrizio Intonti, Nietta La Scala, Micaela Latini, Cristina Marchetti, Massimilano
Marotta, Gianluca Miligi,
Matteo Minissi, Carla Serena Monghini, Emiliano Morreale, Carmelo Nicotra,
Gian Piero Orsingher, Tilde Parrella, Luigi Pellegrini, Giovanni Perazzoli,
Alessandro Pergola, Anita Cristina Pini, Annalisa Proietti, Roberta Pulino,
Vittorio Rizzo, Giuseppina Rossi, Antonella Rucci, Lucio Testa, Susanna
Testa, Francesca Todini, Paola Toscano, Maria Teresa Valente, Eugenio
Farioli Vecchioli.
Collaborators
Italo Accettella, Maria Agostinelli,
Cinzia Andrei, Andrea Angeli, Adriano Ardovino, Romeo Bassoli, Gabriella
Baptist, Sergio Benvenuto, Francesca Bises, Giorgio Borri, Kenneth Britsch,
Laure Brumont, Salvatore Cerasuolo, Marco Campogiani, Santino Cusimano,
Leo De Carlo, Giorgio de Finis, Lorenzo De Masi, Riccardo De Sanctis,
Mitra Divshali, Piergiorgio Donatelli, Fabio El Ariny, Peter Farrell,
Giovanni Fuortes, Andrea Genovese, Dario Girolami, Bruno Gravagnuolo,
Pietro Greco, Luisa Guaglione, Domenico lervolino, Marco Ivaldo, Gladys
Joele, Pietro Lauro, Francoise Longy, Giuseppe Longo, Luca Mainetti,
Sergio Marotta, Giannantonio Marcon, Daniela Marconi, Arturo Martorelli,
Virginio Marzocchi, Paolo Masullo, Gianfranco Mattia, Melitta Mew,
Gianluca Miligi, Sabrina Minucci, Francesco Misseri, Gabriele Montagano,
Markus Nikel, Dmitrij Nikulin, Alessandro Ottaviani, Stefano Petrucciani,
Simone Pollo, Monica Pozzi, Antonio Rainone, Nanni Riccobono, Francesco
Rizzuto, Natalia Rolla, Roberto Romani, Graziella Rotta, Stefania
Sapora, Cecilia Sica, Giovanna Tambuni, Angela Taraborelli, Mirella
Taranto, Fiorenza Toccafondi, Giorgio Tognini, Francesco Trincia, Stefano
Vailati, Sara Valenti, Stefano
Vaselli, Paola Vasconi.

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